We are happy to announce that our paper “Gold Standard or Gold-Plated? Human Practices of Triple Verification in CSAM Takedown”, by Melissa Rottier, Michel van Eeten, and Savvas Zannettou, has been accepted at the 2026 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘26).

The paper presents a mixed-methods study of how triple verification (requiring three reviewers to agree) is implemented in the classification of child sexual abuse material (CSAM). Drawing on expert interviews, an inter-reliability experiment with Dutch National Police experts who reviewed 2,031 images and videos under different voting conditions, and a focus group, we find that verification practices vary widely, that triple verification is perceived as both a safeguard and a burden, and that expert agreement depends on voting conditions and content type.

You can read the paper here.

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